The Red Pyramid at Dahshur, built by Sneferu around 2590 BCE, is the world's first successful true pyramid — the geometric archetype that would culminate in the Great Pyramid of his son Khufu at Giza. Rising 105 meters at a consistent 43°22' angle, it is the third-largest pyramid in Egypt after Khufu and Khafre. Its name derives from the reddish hue of its exposed limestone core blocks, visible since the removal of its white Tura limestone casing in the Middle Ages. Three internal chambers with magnificent corbelled ceilings up to 15 meters high represent the most sophisticated interior spaces of any pyramid before Giza. Fragments of a mummy (possibly Sneferu himself) were found in the burial chamber. At Giza bearing 340.05° and 20.2 km from the Great Pyramid, the Red Pyramid proves that Sneferu's engineers had mastered the geometry of true pyramid construction — the lessons of Meidum's collapse and the Bent Pyramid's mid-course correction fully absorbed.
| Star ▴ | Rise Az ▴ | Rise Δ ▴ | Set Az ▴ | Set Δ ▴ | Tradition ▴ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pleiades (Alcyone) | 86.8° | — | 273.2° | — | |
| Orion's Belt (Alnilam) | 106.8° | — | 253.2° | — | |
| Sirius | 114.1° | — | 245.9° | — | |
| Thuban | — | — | — | — | |
| Vega | 38.6° | — | 321.4° | — | |
| Regulus | 62.1° | — | 297.9° | — | |
| Aldebaran | 92.2° | — | 267.8° | — | |
| Antares | 98.1° | — | 261.9° | — | |
| Fomalhaut | 143.5° | — | 216.5° | — | |
| Arcturus | 35.0° | — | 325.0° | — | |
| Galactic Center (Sgr A*) | 107.0° | — | 253.1° | — | |
| Galactic Anti-Center | 73.1° | — | 286.9° | — | |
| Deneb | 46.7° | — | 313.3° | — | |
| Capella | 56.0° | — | 304.0° | — | |
| Castor | 58.4° | — | 301.6° | — | |
| Pollux | 61.1° | — | 298.9° | — | |
| Procyon | 84.7° | — | 275.3° | — | |
| Betelgeuse | 95.6° | — | 264.4° | — | |
| Rigel | 116.7° | — | 243.3° | — | |
| Bellatrix | 99.6° | — | 260.4° | — | |
| Achernar | — | — | — | — | |
| Acrux | 138.2° | — | 221.8° | — | |
| Mimosa | 133.3° | — | 226.7° | — | |
| Altair | 80.2° | — | 279.8° | — | |
| Kochab | — | — | — | — | |
| Dubhe | — | — | — | — | |
| Alkaid | — | — | — | — | |
| Mizar | — | — | — | — | |
| Hamal | 90.2° | — | 269.8° | — | |
| Zubenelgenubi | 81.7° | — | 278.3° | — | |
| Alnitak | 107.2° | — | 252.8° | — | |
| Mintaka | 106.3° | — | 253.8° | — | |
| Saiph | 114.9° | — | 245.1° | — | |
| Peacock | 155.9° | — | 204.1° | — | |
| Miaplacidus | 159.3° | — | 200.7° | — | |
| Rigil Kentaurus | 135.8° | — | 224.2° | — | |
| Hadar | 133.3° | — | 226.7° | — | |
| Gacrux | 130.1° | — | 229.9° | — | |
| Naos | 131.8° | — | 228.2° | — | |
| Suhail | 128.4° | — | 231.6° | — | |
| Avior | 151.8° | — | 208.2° | — | |
| Atria | 149.6° | — | 210.4° | — | |
| Regor | 139.2° | — | 220.8° | — | |
| Alsephina | 143.5° | — | 216.5° | — | |
| Shaula | 114.8° | — | 245.2° | — | |
| Ankaa | — | — | — | — | |
| Menkent | 103.8° | — | 256.2° | — | |
| Alpheratz | 81.1° | — | 278.9° | — | |
| Eltanin | 14.1° | — | 345.9° | — | |
| Kornephoros | 43.6° | — | 316.4° | — | |
| Rasalhague | 60.1° | — | 299.9° | — | |
| Denebola | 49.3° | — | 310.8° | — | |
| Alhena | 81.4° | — | 278.6° | — | |
| Alphard | 88.9° | — | 271.1° | — | |
| Bharani | 93.3° | — | 266.6° | — | |
| Pushya | 64.8° | — | 295.2° | — | |
| Adhara | 127.8° | — | 232.2° | — | |
| Wezen | 123.7° | — | 236.3° | — | |
| Navi | 45.6° | — | 314.4° | — | |
| Schedar | 50.4° | — | 309.6° | — | |
| Nunki | 110.8° | — | 249.2° | — | |
| Canopus | 161.8° | — | 198.2° | — | |
| Kaus Australis | 116.3° | — | 243.7° | — | |
| Sabik | 89.5° | — | 270.5° | — | |
| Scheat | 78.8° | — | 281.2° | — | |
| Enif | 91.5° | — | 268.5° | — | |
| Diphda | 138.2° | — | 221.8° | — | |
| Alphecca | 31.4° | — | 328.6° | — | |
| Rasalgethi | 56.4° | — | 303.6° | — | |
| Spica | 75.6° | — | 284.4° | — | |
| Zubeneschamali | 75.0° | — | 285.0° | — | |
| Unukalhai | 58.0° | — | 302.0° | — | |
| Murzim | 120.1° | — | 239.9° | — | |
| Phact | 143.8° | — | 216.2° | — | |
| Mirfak | 58.1° | — | 301.9° | — | |
| Vindemiatrix | 49.9° | — | 310.1° | — | |
| Markab | 92.9° | — | 267.1° | — | |
| Algol | 69.1° | — | 290.9° | — | |
| Sadalmelik | 104.7° | — | 255.3° | — | |
| Sadalsuud | 106.8° | — | 253.2° | — | |
| Sun (Summer Solstice) | 62.7° | — | 297.3° | — | |
| Sun (Winter Solstice) | 117.3° | — | 242.7° | — | |
| Sun (Equinox) | 90.0° | — | 270.0° | — | |
| Sun (Northern Cross-Quarter) | 70.9° | — | 289.1° | — | |
| Sun (Southern Cross-Quarter) | 109.1° | — | 250.9° | — | |
| Moon (N Major Standstill) | 56.4° | — | 303.6° | — | |
| Moon (S Major Standstill) | 123.6° | — | 236.4° | — | |
| Moon (N Minor Standstill) | 68.3° | — | 291.7° | — | |
| Moon (S Minor Standstill) | 111.7° | — | 248.3° | — |
| Landmark | Bearing | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| giza | 340.05° | 20 km |
| angkor wat | 86.48° | 7,614 km |
| nazca | 264.68° | 12,358 km |
| teotihuacan | 309.47° | 12,341 km |
| stonehenge | 320.52° | 3,615 km |
| gobekli tepe | 38.87° | 1,091 km |
| machu picchu | 265.01° | 12,043 km |
| easter island | 264.57° | 16,166 km |
| cahokia | 318.08° | 10,270 km |
| sedona | 328.98° | 11,843 km |
| mecca | 135.22° | 1,270 km |
| jerusalem | 59.33° | 440 km |
| vatican | 313.76° | 2,151 km |
| lhasa | 74.20° | 5,714 km |
| kailash | 75.12° | 4,764 km |
| uluru | 108.31° | 12,263 km |
| tiwanaku | 260.06° | 11,844 km |
| chaco canyon | 327.03° | 11,539 km |
| mt shasta | 339.73° | 11,652 km |
| levis stadium | 337.82° | 12,037 km |