The second pyramid at Giza appears taller than the Great Pyramid due to its elevated bedrock position and steeper 53.13° angle (versus 51.84°). It retains its original Tura limestone casing stones at the apex — the last visible remnant of the brilliant white reflective surface that once covered all three pyramids. The Great Sphinx, carved from a single limestone outcrop, guards its eastern approach at 73.5 meters long and 20 meters high — the largest monolithic statue in the ancient world. Water erosion patterns on the Sphinx enclosure suggest construction thousands of years earlier than the conventional 2500 BCE date. The valley temple contains massive granite blocks, some weighing over 100 tons, fitted with the same precision as Sacsayhuamán in Peru.
Stellar Alignments (89 stars)
| Star ▴ | Rise Az ▴ | Rise Δ ▴ | Set Az ▴ | Set Δ ▴ | Tradition ▴ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pleiades (Alcyone) | 86.8° | — | 273.2° | — | |
| Orion's Belt (Alnilam) | 106.8° | — | 253.2° | — | |
| Sirius | 114.2° | — | 245.8° | — | |
| Thuban | — | — | — | — | |
| Vega | 38.5° | — | 321.5° | — | |
| Regulus | 62.0° | — | 298.0° | — | |
| Aldebaran | 92.2° | — | 267.8° | — | |
| Antares | 98.2° | — | 261.9° | — | |
| Fomalhaut | 143.6° | — | 216.4° | — | |
| Arcturus | 34.9° | — | 325.1° | — | |
| Galactic Center (Sgr A*) | 107.0° | — | 253.0° | — | |
| Galactic Anti-Center | 73.1° | — | 286.9° | — | |
| Deneb | 46.6° | — | 313.4° | — | |
| Capella | 55.9° | — | 304.1° | — | |
| Castor | 58.3° | — | 301.7° | — | |
| Pollux | 61.1° | — | 298.9° | — | |
| Procyon | 84.7° | — | 275.3° | — | |
| Betelgeuse | 95.6° | — | 264.4° | — | |
| Rigel | 116.8° | — | 243.3° | — | |
| Bellatrix | 99.6° | — | 260.4° | — | |
| Achernar | — | — | — | — | |
| Acrux | 138.3° | — | 221.7° | — | |
| Mimosa | 133.4° | — | 226.6° | — | |
| Altair | 80.2° | — | 279.8° | — | |
| Kochab | — | — | — | — | |
| Dubhe | — | — | — | — | |
| Alkaid | — | — | — | — | |
| Mizar | — | — | — | — | |
| Hamal | 90.2° | — | 269.8° | — | |
| Zubenelgenubi | 81.7° | — | 278.3° | — | |
| Alnitak | 107.2° | — | 252.8° | — | |
| Mintaka | 106.3° | — | 253.7° | — | |
| Saiph | 115.0° | — | 245.0° | — | |
| Peacock | 156.1° | — | 203.9° | — | |
| Miaplacidus | 159.6° | — | 200.4° | — | |
| Rigil Kentaurus | 135.9° | — | 224.1° | — | |
| Hadar | 133.4° | — | 226.6° | — | |
| Gacrux | 130.2° | — | 229.8° | — | |
| Naos | 131.9° | — | 228.1° | — | |
| Suhail | 128.5° | — | 231.5° | — | |
| Avior | 152.0° | — | 208.0° | — | |
| Atria | 149.7° | — | 210.3° | — | |
| Regor | 139.3° | — | 220.7° | — | |
| Alsephina | 143.6° | — | 216.4° | — | |
| Shaula | 114.8° | — | 245.2° | — | |
| Ankaa | — | — | — | — | |
| Menkent | 103.8° | — | 256.2° | — | |
| Alpheratz | 81.1° | — | 278.9° | — | |
| Eltanin | 13.7° | — | 346.3° | — | |
| Kornephoros | 43.5° | — | 316.5° | — | |
| Rasalhague | 60.1° | — | 299.9° | — | |
| Denebola | 49.2° | — | 310.8° | — | |
| Alhena | 81.4° | — | 278.6° | — | |
| Alphard | 88.9° | — | 271.1° | — | |
| Bharani | 93.3° | — | 266.6° | — | |
| Pushya | 64.8° | — | 295.3° | — | |
| Adhara | 127.8° | — | 232.2° | — | |
| Wezen | 123.8° | — | 236.2° | — | |
| Navi | 45.5° | — | 314.5° | — | |
| Schedar | 50.3° | — | 309.7° | — | |
| Nunki | 110.9° | — | 249.1° | — | |
| Canopus | 162.1° | — | 197.9° | — | |
| Kaus Australis | 116.3° | — | 243.7° | — | |
| Sabik | 89.5° | — | 270.5° | — | |
| Scheat | 78.7° | — | 281.3° | — | |
| Enif | 91.5° | — | 268.5° | — | |
| Diphda | 138.3° | — | 221.7° | — | |
| Alphecca | 31.2° | — | 328.8° | — | |
| Rasalgethi | 56.3° | — | 303.7° | — | |
| Spica | 75.5° | — | 284.4° | — | |
| Zubeneschamali | 74.9° | — | 285.1° | — | |
| Unukalhai | 58.0° | — | 302.1° | — | |
| Murzim | 120.1° | — | 239.9° | — | |
| Phact | 143.9° | — | 216.1° | — | |
| Mirfak | 58.0° | — | 301.9° | — | |
| Vindemiatrix | 49.8° | — | 310.2° | — | |
| Markab | 92.9° | — | 267.1° | — | |
| Algol | 69.1° | — | 290.9° | — | |
| Sadalmelik | 104.8° | — | 255.2° | — | |
| Sadalsuud | 106.8° | — | 253.2° | — | |
| Sun (Summer Solstice) | 62.7° | — | 297.3° | — | |
| Sun (Winter Solstice) | 117.3° | — | 242.7° | — | |
| Sun (Equinox) | 90.0° | — | 270.0° | — | |
| Sun (Northern Cross-Quarter) | 70.9° | — | 289.1° | — | |
| Sun (Southern Cross-Quarter) | 109.1° | — | 250.9° | — | |
| Moon (N Major Standstill) | 56.3° | — | 303.7° | — | |
| Moon (S Major Standstill) | 123.7° | — | 236.3° | — | |
| Moon (N Minor Standstill) | 68.3° | — | 291.8° | — | |
| Moon (S Minor Standstill) | 111.8° | — | 248.3° | — |
Convergence Events (2)
43.7°
Vega Rise
Japanese (Orihime/Tanabata), Chinese (Weaver Girl), pole star ~12000 BCE
Δ 0.3°
40.8°
Algol Rise
Arabic (demon head), Egyptian (Cairo Calendar 1244 BCE), Chinese (great tomb), Hebrew
Δ 2.5°
Reference Bearings (20 landmarks)
| Landmark | Bearing | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| giza | 0.00° | 0 km |
| angkor wat | 86.51° | 7,621 km |
| nazca | 264.71° | 12,353 km |
| teotihuacan | 309.47° | 12,324 km |
| stonehenge | 320.39° | 3,596 km |
| gobekli tepe | 39.75° | 1,081 km |
| machu picchu | 265.03° | 12,037 km |
| easter island | 264.78° | 16,161 km |
| cahokia | 318.05° | 10,251 km |
| sedona | 328.95° | 11,823 km |
| mecca | 135.53° | 1,289 km |
| jerusalem | 61.88° | 438 km |
| vatican | 313.51° | 2,133 km |
| lhasa | 74.30° | 5,716 km |
| kailash | 75.27° | 4,766 km |
| uluru | 108.22° | 12,276 km |
| tiwanaku | 260.08° | 11,841 km |
| chaco canyon | 327.00° | 11,520 km |
| mt shasta | 339.69° | 11,632 km |
| levis stadium | 337.79° | 12,017 km |
Related Sites — Giza / Orion Extraction