Pyramid of Pepi I

29.8683°N, 31.2192°E.

Pyramid at South Saqqara built for Pepi I Meryre, second pharaoh of the Sixth Dynasty, who reigned approximately 2333–2283 BCE. Original base 78.75 metres per side; original height 52.5 metres at a 53° slope. The Egyptian name of the complex was Mn-nfr-Ppy — Pepi's Splendour Endures — and the abbreviated form Mn-nfr was adopted as the name of the nearby capital city, which the Greeks later rendered as Memphis. Excavated by the French mission at Saqqara from 1966 onward under Jean-Philippe Lauer and Jean Leclant, the burial chamber preserved one of the most complete sets of Pyramid Texts known: 2,263 inscribed columns of hieroglyphs across the antechamber, corridor, and burial chamber walls. The complex includes at least nine satellite queen's pyramids — the largest concentration of royal women's tombs known from any single Old Kingdom reign.

The pyramid that named the city, built for a king whose mortuary cult outlasted the Old Kingdom by two thousand years.