19.6008°N, 30.4097°E.
Kerma is the capital of the Kingdom of Kush during the early Nubian period, located on the east bank of the Nile in northern Sudan, occupied from approximately 2500 BCE through 1500 BCE. The Western Deffufa is a massive solid mudbrick monument standing 18 metres tall with a base of 50 by 25 metres, built around 2400 BCE — the largest surviving mudbrick structure in Africa from the period. The word deffufa is Nubian for ruined mudbrick mass. Charles Bonnet of the University of Geneva has directed excavations at Kerma since 1977, exposing the city's defensive walls, royal palaces, harbor installations, and the great royal tumulus cemetery to the east containing burials of Kerma rulers accompanied by hundreds of sacrificed retainers. The Western Deffufa was a temple and probably the principal religious focus of the Kerma state. Egypt under Thutmose I sacked Kerma around 1500 BCE and absorbed Nubia into the New Kingdom empire.
The deffufa still rises above the desert plain.