Old Dongola served as capital of the medieval Christian Kingdom of Makuria for nearly a millennium (5th-14th century CE), one of the longest-ruling African kingdoms. The 200-hectare site preserves a citadel, royal palace, multiple churches with vivid painted murals, and the Great Monastery of St. Anthony. At its zenith, Makuria's military repelled Arab invasions and negotiated the famous Baqt treaty — history's longest-standing peace agreement between a Muslim and Christian state (651-1316 CE). At 1.66° bearing to Giza across 1,308 km, Old Dongola sits near-perfectly on the Giza meridian, continuing the Nile corridor alignment.
WikipediaStellar Alignments (76 stars)
| Star ▴ | Rise Az ▴ | Rise Δ ▴ | Set Az ▴ | Set Δ ▴ | Tradition ▴ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thuban | 18.3° | 16.7° | 341.7° | 20.0° | |
| Dubhe | 22.0° | 20.3° | 338.0° | 23.6° | |
| Schedar | 28.6° | 26.9° | 331.4° | 30.2° | |
| Mizar | 30.5° | 28.8° | 329.5° | 32.1° | |
| Eltanin | 34.5° | 32.9° | 325.5° | 36.2° | |
| Mirfak | 36.4° | 34.8° | 323.6° | 38.1° | |
| Alkaid | 37.0° | 35.4° | 323.0° | 38.7° | |
| Capella | 40.8° | 39.1° | 319.2° | 42.4° | |
| Deneb | 41.6° | 39.9° | 318.4° | 43.2° | |
| Algol | 46.4° | 44.7° | 313.6° | 48.0° | |
| Vega | 48.8° | 47.1° | 311.3° | 50.4° | |
| Castor | 56.2° | 54.5° | 303.8° | 57.9° | |
| Alpheratz | 59.2° | 57.5° | 300.8° | 60.9° | |
| Scheat | 60.3° | 58.6° | 299.7° | 62.0° | |
| Pollux | 60.4° | 58.7° | 299.6° | 62.0° | |
| Bharani (41 Arietis) | 61.2° | 59.5° | 298.8° | 62.8° | |
| Alphecca | 61.8° | 60.1° | 298.3° | 63.4° | |
| Pleiades (Alcyone) | 64.5° | 62.9° | 295.5° | 66.2° | |
| Hamal | 65.2° | 63.6° | 294.8° | 66.9° | |
| Kornephoros | 67.3° | 65.7° | 292.7° | 69.0° | |
| Pushya (Gamma Cancri) | 67.3° | 65.7° | 292.7° | 69.0° | |
| Arcturus | 69.8° | 68.1° | 290.2° | 71.4° | |
| Aldebaran | 72.6° | 70.9° | 287.4° | 74.3° | |
| Alhena | 72.7° | 71.0° | 287.3° | 74.4° | |
| Markab | 74.0° | 72.3° | 286.0° | 75.6° | |
| Denebola | 74.6° | 73.0° | 285.4° | 76.3° | |
| Rasalgethi | 74.8° | 73.2° | 285.2° | 76.5° | |
| Rasalhague | 76.8° | 75.1° | 283.2° | 78.4° | |
| Regulus | 77.4° | 75.7° | 282.6° | 79.0° | |
| Vindemiatrix | 78.5° | 76.8° | 281.6° | 80.1° | |
| Enif | 79.6° | 77.9° | 280.4° | 81.3° | |
| Altair | 80.7° | 79.0° | 279.3° | 82.3° | |
| Betelgeuse | 82.2° | 80.5° | 277.8° | 83.9° | |
| Unukalhai | 83.2° | 81.6° | 276.8° | 84.9° | |
| Bellatrix | 83.3° | 81.7° | 276.7° | 85.0° | |
| Procyon | 84.5° | 82.8° | 275.5° | 86.2° | |
| Mintaka | 90.3° | 88.7° | 269.7° | 92.0° | |
| Sadalmelik | 90.3° | 88.7° | 269.7° | 92.0° | |
| Orion Belt (Alnilam) | 91.3° | 89.6° | 268.7° | 92.9° | |
| Alnitak | 92.0° | 90.4° | 268.0° | 93.7° | |
| Sadalsuud | 95.9° | 94.2° | 264.1° | 97.5° | |
| Rigel | 98.6° | 97.0° | 261.4° | 100.3° | |
| Alphard | 99.1° | 97.5° | 260.9° | 100.8° | |
| Zubeneschamali | 99.9° | 98.2° | 260.1° | 101.5° | |
| Saiph | 100.2° | 98.5° | 259.8° | 101.8° | |
| Spica | 101.8° | 100.1° | 258.2° | 103.4° | |
| Sabik | 106.6° | 104.9° | 253.4° | 108.2° | |
| Zubenelgenubi | 106.9° | 105.3° | 253.1° | 108.6° | |
| Sirius | 107.6° | 106.0° | 252.4° | 109.3° | |
| Murzim | 108.9° | 107.3° | 251.1° | 110.6° | |
| Diphda | 109.0° | 107.3° | 251.0° | 110.6° | |
| Nunki | 117.8° | 116.2° | 242.2° | 119.5° | |
| Wezen | 117.9° | 116.2° | 242.1° | 119.6° | |
| Antares | 117.9° | 116.3° | 242.1° | 119.6° | |
| Adhara | 120.7° | 119.0° | 239.3° | 122.3° | |
| Fomalhaut | 121.4° | 119.7° | 238.6° | 123.0° | |
| Phact | 126.1° | 124.5° | 233.9° | 127.8° | |
| Kaus Australis | 126.5° | 124.8° | 233.5° | 128.1° | |
| Menkent | 128.6° | 127.0° | 231.4° | 130.3° | |
| Shaula | 129.4° | 127.8° | 230.6° | 131.1° | |
| Naos | 132.6° | 130.9° | 227.4° | 134.3° | |
| Ankaa | 135.1° | 133.5° | 224.9° | 136.8° | |
| Suhail | 136.4° | 134.7° | 223.6° | 138.0° | |
| Regor | 140.7° | 139.1° | 219.3° | 142.4° | |
| Canopus | 146.9° | 145.2° | 213.1° | 148.5° | |
| Alsephina | 149.2° | 147.6° | 210.8° | 150.9° | |
| Peacock | 151.7° | 150.0° | 208.3° | 153.3° | |
| Gacrux | 152.1° | 150.5° | 207.9° | 153.8° | |
| Achernar | 152.3° | 150.6° | 207.7° | 153.9° | |
| Avior | 155.1° | 153.5° | 204.9° | 156.8° | |
| Mimosa (Becrux) | 155.3° | 153.7° | 204.7° | 157.0° | |
| Hadar | 156.2° | 154.6° | 203.8° | 157.9° | |
| Rigil Kentaurus | 156.8° | 155.2° | 203.2° | 158.5° | |
| Acrux | 159.9° | 158.2° | 200.1° | 161.5° | |
| Atria | 169.4° | 167.8° | 190.6° | 171.1° | |
| Miaplacidus | 170.9° | 169.3° | 189.1° | 172.6° |
Related Sites — Ley Line — Earth Grid