Jebel Sahaba's Cemetery 117 contains the oldest known evidence of organized human warfare: 61 individuals from a community of hunter-gatherers, over half showing fatal projectile wounds from stone-tipped arrows and spears. Dating to approximately 13,000-14,000 years ago, these burials document a Nile Valley population driven to lethal intergroup violence by climate-induced resource scarcity at the end of the last Ice Age. Men, women, and children were victims. At 358.76° bearing to Giza across just 889 km — nearly exact due-north alignment — Cemetery 117 sits on the deepest temporal layer of the Nile corridor, predating the pyramids by 9,000 years.
WikipediaStellar Alignments (74 stars)
| Star ▴ | Rise Az ▴ | Rise Δ ▴ | Set Az ▴ | Set Δ ▴ | Tradition ▴ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thuban | 13.5° | 14.7° | 346.5° | 12.3° | |
| Dubhe | 18.2° | 19.4° | 341.8° | 17.0° | |
| Schedar | 25.9° | 27.1° | 334.1° | 24.6° | |
| Mizar | 28.0° | 29.3° | 332.0° | 26.8° | |
| Eltanin | 32.5° | 33.7° | 327.6° | 31.2° | |
| Mirfak | 34.5° | 35.7° | 325.5° | 33.2° | |
| Alkaid | 35.1° | 36.4° | 324.9° | 33.9° | |
| Capella | 39.1° | 40.4° | 320.9° | 37.9° | |
| Deneb | 40.0° | 41.2° | 320.0° | 38.7° | |
| Algol | 45.0° | 46.3° | 315.0° | 43.8° | |
| Vega | 47.5° | 48.8° | 312.5° | 46.3° | |
| Castor | 55.3° | 56.5° | 304.7° | 54.0° | |
| Alpheratz | 58.4° | 59.6° | 301.6° | 57.1° | |
| Scheat | 59.5° | 60.7° | 300.5° | 58.3° | |
| Pollux | 59.5° | 60.8° | 300.4° | 58.3° | |
| Bharani (41 Arietis) | 60.4° | 61.6° | 299.6° | 59.2° | |
| Alphecca | 61.0° | 62.2° | 299.0° | 59.8° | |
| Pleiades (Alcyone) | 63.9° | 65.1° | 296.1° | 62.6° | |
| Hamal | 64.6° | 65.8° | 295.4° | 63.3° | |
| Kornephoros | 66.7° | 68.0° | 293.3° | 65.5° | |
| Pushya (Gamma Cancri) | 66.8° | 68.0° | 293.3° | 65.5° | |
| Arcturus | 69.3° | 70.5° | 290.8° | 68.0° | |
| Aldebaran | 72.2° | 73.4° | 287.9° | 70.9° | |
| Alhena | 72.3° | 73.5° | 287.7° | 71.0° | |
| Markab | 73.6° | 74.8° | 286.4° | 72.3° | |
| Denebola | 74.3° | 75.5° | 285.7° | 73.0° | |
| Rasalgethi | 74.5° | 75.7° | 285.6° | 73.2° | |
| Rasalhague | 76.4° | 77.7° | 283.6° | 75.2° | |
| Regulus | 77.1° | 78.3° | 282.9° | 75.8° | |
| Vindemiatrix | 78.2° | 79.4° | 281.8° | 76.9° | |
| Enif | 79.3° | 80.6° | 280.7° | 78.1° | |
| Altair | 80.4° | 81.7° | 279.6° | 79.2° | |
| Betelgeuse | 82.0° | 83.2° | 278.0° | 80.8° | |
| Unukalhai | 83.1° | 84.3° | 276.9° | 81.8° | |
| Bellatrix | 83.2° | 84.4° | 276.9° | 81.9° | |
| Procyon | 84.4° | 85.6° | 275.6° | 83.1° | |
| Mintaka | 90.3° | 91.6° | 269.7° | 89.1° | |
| Sadalmelik | 90.3° | 91.6° | 269.6° | 89.1° | |
| Orion Belt (Alnilam) | 91.3° | 92.5° | 268.7° | 90.1° | |
| Alnitak | 92.1° | 93.3° | 267.9° | 90.8° | |
| Sadalsuud | 96.0° | 97.3° | 264.0° | 94.8° | |
| Rigel | 98.8° | 100.1° | 261.1° | 97.6° | |
| Alphard | 99.3° | 100.6° | 260.7° | 98.1° | |
| Zubeneschamali | 100.1° | 101.4° | 259.9° | 98.9° | |
| Saiph | 100.4° | 101.7° | 259.6° | 99.2° | |
| Spica | 102.0° | 103.3° | 257.9° | 100.8° | |
| Sabik | 107.0° | 108.2° | 253.0° | 105.8° | |
| Zubenelgenubi | 107.3° | 108.6° | 252.7° | 106.1° | |
| Sirius | 108.1° | 109.3° | 251.9° | 106.8° | |
| Murzim | 109.4° | 110.7° | 250.6° | 108.2° | |
| Diphda | 109.5° | 110.7° | 250.5° | 108.2° | |
| Nunki | 118.5° | 119.8° | 241.5° | 117.3° | |
| Wezen | 118.6° | 119.9° | 241.4° | 117.4° | |
| Antares | 118.7° | 119.9° | 241.3° | 117.5° | |
| Adhara | 121.5° | 122.7° | 238.5° | 120.3° | |
| Fomalhaut | 122.2° | 123.5° | 237.8° | 121.0° | |
| Phact | 127.2° | 128.4° | 232.8° | 125.9° | |
| Kaus Australis | 127.5° | 128.8° | 232.5° | 126.3° | |
| Menkent | 129.8° | 131.0° | 230.3° | 128.5° | |
| Shaula | 130.6° | 131.8° | 229.4° | 129.3° | |
| Naos | 133.9° | 135.1° | 226.1° | 132.7° | |
| Ankaa | 136.6° | 137.8° | 223.4° | 135.3° | |
| Suhail | 137.8° | 139.1° | 222.2° | 136.6° | |
| Regor | 142.5° | 143.7° | 217.5° | 141.2° | |
| Canopus | 149.1° | 150.3° | 210.9° | 147.8° | |
| Alsephina | 151.7° | 152.9° | 208.3° | 150.4° | |
| Peacock | 154.4° | 155.6° | 205.6° | 153.2° | |
| Gacrux | 154.9° | 156.1° | 205.1° | 153.7° | |
| Achernar | 155.1° | 156.3° | 204.9° | 153.8° | |
| Avior | 158.3° | 159.6° | 201.7° | 157.1° | |
| Mimosa (Becrux) | 158.6° | 159.8° | 201.4° | 157.3° | |
| Hadar | 159.6° | 160.9° | 200.4° | 158.4° | |
| Rigil Kentaurus | 160.3° | 161.6° | 199.7° | 159.1° | |
| Acrux | 164.1° | 165.3° | 195.9° | 162.9° |
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