19.7115°N, 30.3890°E.
Egyptian colonial cemetery and granite quarry on the Nile's third cataract in northern Sudan, worked in sandstone and granite from the early New Kingdom onward. Tombos is the site of a famous boundary stela of Thutmose I, carved directly into the bedrock in the second year of his reign around 1502 BCE to mark the southern limit of Egyptian conquest into the kingdom of Kush. Stuart Tyson Smith of the University of California, Santa Barbara has directed long-running excavations there since 2000; his team has documented Egyptian-style pyramid tombs built for resident colonial administrators alongside Nubian-style tumulus burials, often within the same family plots. The granite quarries adjacent to the site supplied stone for royal statuary, including unfinished colossi of later Kushite pharaohs that still lie partly detached in place. Strontium isotope analysis of buried teeth has shown that many residents of Tombos were locally born Nubians who had adopted Egyptian funerary practice.
The empire didn't replace the population; it just changed how they buried their dead.